الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary and conclusionIn this study, we investigate the potential role of stevia extract and steviosidein attenuation of nalbuphine tolerance and dependence. Additionally, the role of glutamate, NO, and oxidative stress on these effects were examined to clarify the possible mechanism.Ten groups of mice, each group consist of 6 animals, were used in this study. group I: were given saline solution twice daily for 14 days. group II: Mice were given nalbuphine 10 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days.