الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multimodal IONM is the utilization of electrophysiological techniques like electroencephalography, electromyography, and evoked potentials to monitor the functional integrity of various neural structures during spine and spinal cord surgeries to allow assessment of spinal cord function through feedback from sensory tracts, motor tracts, and specific nerve roots, lowering the risk of iatrogenic nervous system damage and supplying the surge of information needed to make the decision to proceed with the surgery.
The goal of this work was to study the effectiveness of multimodal IONM for identifying iatrogenic neurological dysfunction during spinal cord and spine procedures.
Twenty four patients (adults and pediatrics) from neurosurgery department Alexandria Main University Hospital undergoing spine or spinal cord surgeries were enrolled in this study.