الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. It is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes), or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced (Type 2 diabetes). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cell by T lymphocytes and macrophages. The disease is usually diagnosed when over 80-90% of beta-cells have been destructed by the infiltrating immune system. T1DM development is slow, providing a potentially long window of time in which it is possible to identify and theoretically treat individual who at risk. The first sign of autoimmunity against beta-cells, frequently detectable a few months/years before the appearance of clinical symptoms, is the occurrence of antibodies against beta-cell antigens. microRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by partially pairing to the 3’-5’ untranslated region of their target mRNAs |