الفهرس 
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Abstract
Conclusions
Poor sleep can arise as a consequence of a number of problems, including difficulty falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at inappropriate times, long total sleep time, or abnormal behaviors. The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was 64.8 % among undergraduate university students in Sohag University.
Approximately 23% of students had sleep problems such as EDS that may interfere with daily performance, such as driving and academics. These findings highlight a growing need for professionals to focus on the quality as well the quantity of sleep when promoting physical and mental wellbeing among university students.
Being female and worry more about exams were significantly associated with increased rate of poor sleep quality.
Using of sleep medications, stimulant drugs to enhance academic performance, short sleep duration at night, having bad dreams, having problems affecting enthusiasm and suffering from pain were the independent determinants for poor sleep quality.
Recommendations
Researcher proposed some policy recommendations based on the findings of the present study that could be useful in improving sleep quality among university students in Sohag University: -
- Formulating awareness programs to improve the prevention and management of sleep-related problems and widely disseminate best practices for good sleep hygiene among university students.
- Providing early counseling on sleep hygiene especially for risk groups and their families.
- We recommend academic counseling focusing on students’ mental health status and activities focusing on discouraging sleep medications.
- Reducing the academic load is also recommended to reduce academic stress and improve sleep quality among university students.
- Encourage students to get counseling on how to deal with the competitive learning environment which is important to reduce night sleep behavior disorders.
- As sleep good quality may be a marker for health status and quality of life, further prospective studies are needed to be done to investigate the cause – effect relationship of risk factors of poor sleep quality.
Summary
Poor sleep patterns including sleep that is insufficient, inconsistent, non -restorative, disrupted, or poorly timed (e.g., late bedtime) affect university students, perhaps due to usually face numerous challenges and stressors. Among university students around the world from both the East and the West, up to 60% of all college students suffer from a poor sleep quality according to PSQI.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its determinants among students in Sohag University.
Undergraduate university students were chosen randomly from the first 4 years of the selected faculties in Sohag University, whereas 100 students were chosen from Faculty of Medicine, 100 students were chosen from Faculty of Nursing, as well as 115 students were chosen from Faculty of Education 125 students were chosen from Faculty of Arts.
A self-administrated questionnaire was used which was divided into three sections included socio-demographic data of the students and their behavior, sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness.
Analysis of the collected data revealed the following: -
Concerning the field of study, about 45.5% of the students were from medical faculties and 54.5 % were from non-medical faculties include 49.1 % (n=216) male and 50.9 % (n=224) female. Students were chosen from the first grade to the fourth grade in about equal percent.
The results of the current study revealed that 35.2% of the participants had good sleep quality and 64.8% had poor sleep quality according to PSQI. The mean PSQI score in this study was 7.01 ± 3.172.
According to ESS Score interpretation, 76.82% of the participants had normal daytime sleepiness and 23.18 % had excessive daytime sleepiness.
The highest prevalence of sleep disturbances” that affected the students over the ”past month was ”woke up in the middle of the night or early morning”.
Determinants of sleep quality among undergraduate university students: -
The results of the current study revealed that female students had higher frequency of poor sleep quality (n = 160, 56.1%) than males (n = 125, 43.9 %). There was no apparent significant difference of sleep quality and socio-demographic characteristics (P > 0.05).
Regarding ESS, there was also no significant association between excessive daytime sleepiness and socio-demographic characteristics (P-value > 0.05).
On the contrary PSQI, there were statistically significant association between poor sleep quality and worrying about exams, family conflict or loss of enthusiasm due to having a problem (p-value = 0.000).
Participants who have pain ≥ 3 times per week show that the percent of poor sleep quality was higher than the percent of good sleep quality (23.5% vs. 4.5 %, p-value = 0.000).
Students who slept less than seven hours at night had seven times higher risk of having poor sleep quality compared with those who slept more than seven hours (AOR = 6.983, 95 %CI =3.349 - 14.558 ).
Users of sleep medications were at a higher risk of having poor sleep quality compared to non-users (AOR = 44.468, 95 %CI =10.338-191.269). Stimulants users were six times higher risk of having poor sleep quality compared to non- users (AOR =5.824, 95 %CI =1.551 - 22.004).
So, we recommend formulating awareness programs for prevention and management of sleep-related problems and widely disseminate best practices for good sleep hygiene among university students. We also recommend academic counseling focusing on students’ mental health status, activities focusing on discouraging sleep medications and reducing the academic load to reduce academic stress and improve sleep quality among university students.