الفهرس 
Chapter 1 (Introduction and Aim of the Work)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Three metal oxides nanoparticles with natural plant extracts (zinc oxide nanoparticles with basil extract (BE) (basil@ZnO NPs), copper oxide nanoparticles with curcumin extract (CE) (Cur@CuO NPs) and mixture of zinc oxide & copper oxide nanoparticles with curcumin extract (CE) (Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs)) have been synthesized by green methods. Aim: our study aims to evaluate the effect of metal oxides nanoparticles conjugated with natural plant extracts on carcinoma cells. Methodology: The isolated compounds have been characterized by Infrared (FT-IR), UV-Visible spectra (UV-Vis), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmittance electron microscope (HRTEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The measured optical band gap (Eg) of the isolated compounds was determined from the absorption spectra. Biological activity as In vitro and In vivo studies carried on. Cytotoxicity studies were applied against two cancer cell cultures hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG-2) and colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116). Values of the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were determined compared to doxorubicin (DOX). MTT, viability assays and dose response curve were applied for all compounds but cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection (Caspase 3/7 and annexin V-FITC) and the inhibitory effect against topoisomerase IIβ enzyme were assayed for the more bioactive product (Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs) against (HEPG-2). In vivo studies were applied on the most bioactive product (Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs) on liver tissues. Median lethal dose (LD50), dose response curve, oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant markers (Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase), liver function tests (ALT, AST, Albumin and total proteins) and kidney functions (creatinine and blood urea) were determined. Also, histopathological examination and statistical studies were applied. Results: Particle size values were found to be 29 ± 3, 29 ± 2 and 6 – 10 nm for basil@ZnO NPs, Cur@CuO NPs and Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs, respectively. Basil@ZnO NPs found to be most active against HEPG-2 than HCT‐116 with IC50 = 47.93 ± 2.8, 63.14 ± 3.4 µg/ml, respectively. Cur@CuO showed activity against both HCT‐116 and HEPG-2 with IC50 = 25.47 ± 1.9, 32.28 ± 2.2 µg/ml, respectively. Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs was tested against two carcinoma cell lines HEPG‐2 and HCT-116 and found IC50 = 13.76 ± 1.1 μg/ml and 34.46 ± 2.3 μg/ml, respectively. The more bioactive compound (Cur@ZnO/CuO NPs) affected as following, MDA was decreased, (SOD and catalase) were increased, (ALT and AST) were decreased, (Albumin and Total protein) were increased and (Creat and urea) decreased. In conclusion, loading extracts onto metal oxides nanoparticles enhanced its anticancer effect. All isolated compounds non-toxic and safe to use.