الفهرس 
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Abstract
The main objectives of this study are manufacturing a local machine for producing biochar pellets, determining some operational parameters for producing biochar, to take advantage of agricultural waste and less environmental pollution, and to convert it into biochar in the form of pellets. The experiments were carried out through the year of 2022 at Department of Agricultural and Bio-systems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt. To manufacture and evaluate the biochar pelleting machine using two binders (molasses and starch), three different extruder diameters of (20 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm) and four raw materials (sawdust, rice straw, Bagasse and the discarded leaves of palm trees). The obtained results showed that the highest value of compression force was 2170 N using sawdust and molasses as a binder, at an extruder diameter of 20 mm. The highest value of shear force was 848 N using bagasse and starch as a binder, at an extruder diameter of 40 mm. The highest value of pelleting efficiency and machine productivity were 80 % and 52.36 kg/h, respectively using bagasse at an extruder diameter of 40 mm in case using starch. The highest value of specific energy consumption was 0.081 kW.h/kg using rice straw at an extruder diameter of 20 mm in case using molasses as a binder. While, using bagasse showed the lowest value of the specific energy consumption of 0.027 kW.h/kg was obtained at an extruder diameter of 40 mm. The lowest value of operational cost were 0.557 and 0.378 L.E/kg when using rice straw and bagasse at an extruder diameter of 40 mm in case using molasses and starch, respectively.