الفهرس 
review of literatureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Although monitoring of jugular bulb venous oxygenation has many limitations, it does allow identification of phasic changes in global cerebral oxygenation, mainly cerebral hyperemia or cerebral ischemia. Recent investigations have reported that interpretation of data obtained from jugular bulb monitoring, either Sjv02, CE02, and AVD02, must be considered in the whole context of all available parameters; such as ICP, CPP, PaC02, Sa02, Hb concentration, and GCS score. The approach of multimodality monitoring and management that incorporates all relevant physiologic parameters appears to have a significant impact on improving outcome after TBI. Integration of jugular venous oxygenation parameters may aid the clinical management of TBI. Initial management of TBI should be directed towards stabilizing systemic hemodynamics and oxygenation prior to targeting the underlying pathophysiologic conditions, unless immediate evacuation of life-threatening intracranial mass lesions is indicated. In addition to the known benefits of SjV02 monitoring, this study shows that categorization according to the mean value of abnormal SjV02 may reflect severity of the underlying lesion, and may be predictive of outcome after severe TBI. However, these findings need further confim1ation by large scale studies. In comparIson with other pathologic entities, patients with diffuse swelling on CT scan may benefit better from monitoring Sjv02 to guide the control of associated intracranial hypertension and the increase in cerebral blood volume. Jugular bulb oxygen monitoring is currently applied for titration of hyperventilation to avoid episodes of desaturation, and monitoring the effects of different therapies for refractory intracranial hypertension.