الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Glycerol is an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, which can exert oxidative damage to the renal structures. Pycnogenol- a natural product made from the bark of the European coastal pine and a well known antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. The protective factor against the Acute renal failure caused by the oxidative stress induced by glycerol was studied. Obtained results are summarised as follows: The group orally administrated with pycnogenol showed a powerful and nontoxic antioxidant where non-significant increase was recorded for of GSH and the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, plasma total proteins and plasma Sodium. While a significant decreases of kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and kidney protein carbonyl (PC), plasma Potasium, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) , plasma urea and plasma creatinine, were detected. The intramuscular glycerol-treated mice showed, very highly significant increases in kidney malondialdehyde, kidney protein carbonyl, plasma potasium level, plasma urea nitrogen, plasma urea and plasma creatinine. whereas the level of kidney glutathione was significantly diminished. In addition, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase were significantly decreased. Also, plasma sodium and plasma total proteins were significantly decreased. Histological alteration in renal tissues including cast formation, swelling of the glomeruli, congestion & oedema in the interstitial tissue, the cells linning the Bowman’s capsules are proliferated forming epithelial crests, the convoluted tubules shows cloudy swelling and contains hyaline and blood cast, and tubular necrosis. Pycnogenol orally administrated 30 min. prior to glycerol administration significantlly ameliorate most tested parameters, as it contains the active antioxidant substance more powerful than vitamin E. Therefore, we advise to receive pycnogenol to reduce the harmful effects and damage that may result from glycerol synthesis in the body.