الفهرس 
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONSOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Thyoioxicosis is the clinical syndrome that results when tissues are exposed to high levels of circulating thyroid hormones. In most instances, thyrotoxicosis is due to hyperthyroidism, a term reserved for disorders characterized by overproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
Graves disease is an autoimmune disease, which leads to formation of abnormal thyroid stimulating antibodies leading to stimulation of T.S.H. receptors on the thyroid cell membrane resulting in an action on the thyroid cell similar to T.S.H. but prolonged.
Patients commonly report nervousness, malaise, irritability, inability to concentrate, hand tremor, weight loss, and burning or itching eyes. Unilateral or bilateral proptosis is frequent, and vitiligo, pruritus, osteoporosis, and gynecomastia can occur.
Usually, there is a palpable, diffusely enlarged, smooth goiter that initially may be soft but becomes progressively firmer.
Patients with Graves disease may also have myxedema in the pretibial or preradial area. This accumulation of fluid and mucopolysaccharides can be mild and clinically inconsequential or severe and incapacitating.