الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects predominantly women in childbearing age and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. SLE is primarily characterized by high levels of autoantibodies and immune complex deposition in different organs which may lead to multisystem involvement. The pathogenesis of SLE involves interaction between genetic and environmental factors and the innate and adaptive immune system. SLE is characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance of B and T cells to self-antigens leading to dysfunctions of multiple major organs, such as the kidney, skin, and blood vessels. The etiology of SLE remains incompletely understood, many studies have suggested that cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE . The Aim of this study: The aim of this present study is to estimate the level of interleukin 35 in sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients and correlate its level with the disease activity. Materials and methods: The present study was carried on two groups. A group of 70 Egyptian SLE patients and another 20 healthy control group with matched age and sex. The age of the patient group ranged from 18 to 55 years old. The patient group is comprised of 2 males and 68 females. Duration of illness ranged from 2months to 10 years with median 3years.The control group included 2 males (10%) and 18 females (90%). Their age ranged from 18 to 52 years. Sample collection was taken in the period from January 2018 to June 2018. • Results: ESR and CRP shows statistically significant increase in SLE group compared to control group. • SLEDAI score shows statistically significant increase in active SLE patients compared to inactive SLE patients. • Serum IL-35 level shows statistically significant increase in SLE patients when compared to control group. • IL-35 level shows statistically significant positive correlation with the SLEDAI score in SLE cases. • IL-35 level shows statistically significant increase in active SLE patients compared to inactive SLE patients • Serum IL-35 at cut off value 84.9is a good discriminator between SLE cases and control group. Its sensitivity is 85.2%, specificity is 66.7%, PPV is 94.5%, NPV is 40.0%, and accuracy is 82.8%.